This leads to a natural generalization of Dung's semantics, whereby standard extensions are weakened or strengthened depending on the level of self-defense and conflict-freeness they meet. First, the paper introduces a graded generalization of the two key notions underpinning Dung's semantics: self-defense and. The paper develops a formal theory of the degree of justification of arguments, which relies solely on the structure of an argumentation framework, and which can be successfully interfaced with approaches to instantiated argumentation. These results suggest a general attentional bias, so that it is particularly difficult to disengage processing resources from faces.
In all the experiments, the presence of an upright face significantly delayed target response times, in comparison with each of the other stimulus categories. A fourth experiment provided a replication of Experiment 1, but with a 1,000-msec stimulus onset asynchrony between the onset of the central face/nonface stimuli and the peripheral targets. Experiments 2 and 3 tested upright and inverted unfamiliar faces, printed names, and another class of meaningful objects in an identical design. In Experiment 1, the go/no-go signal could be superimposed on photographs of upright famous faces, matching inverted faces, or meaningful objects. In three experiments, subjects were asked to focus on a central go/no-go signal before classifying a concurrently presented peripheral line target. In the present study, we investigated whether faces have an advantage in retaining attention over other stimulus categories. Our method combines the visible camera images with IR-spectral sensitive sensors, acoustical and other measurements like temperature and pressure of printing machines. Usually only the existence or appearance of colours and their textures are checked by cameras. In the approach different methods of authenticity analysis and print flaw detection are combined, which can be used for vending or sorting machines, as well as for printing machines. We propose a concept for both authenticity checking and inspection methods for pattern recognition and classification for securities and banknotes, which is based on the concept of sensor fusion and fuzzy interpretation of data measures.
Therefore, this factor necessitates amplification of a sensorial concept in general. As more and more print techniques and new security features will be established, total quality security, authenticity and bank note printing must be assured. However with the advent of more and more sophisticated security features, both visible and invisible, and the requirement of cost reduction in the printing process, it is clear that automation is required. The authenticity checking and inspection of bank notes is a high labour intensive process where traditionally every note on every sheet is inspected manually. In this contribution we will research the possibility to focus banknote authentication of the typical standard printing methods like Intaglio, Simultan-Offset, and perspectivily others. This opens a new world in banknote authentication because it will be possible to use build-in optical and processing capabilities which are far away from the standard technologies at date. Having in mind that future devices have to handle electronic payments as well as cash in one system it is necessary to wed such devices and optical document security. First activities are seen at points of sales. It can be assumed that banknotes will undergo some major changes in the next years because electronic payment systems, the advent of low cost image processing hardware (low price – high tech), and the change of user behaviour at, e.g., points of sales will create a technological convergence in payment systems. As the amount of banknotes is still rising, even under the pressure of mobile payment technologies, it is worthwhile to study the methods of authentication in a broader context. Banknote authentication plays a fundamental role in banknote circulation.